Definition of Diverticulum A blind pouch that is continuous with lumen of a hollow viscus(gut or urinary bladder) Meckel’s Diverticulum Persistent patency of the proximal part of the vitellointestinal duct. lt…
Regulation of cardiovascular system
Regulation of cardiovascular : Adaptation to short-term changes is provided by the Frank-Starling mechanism. Long-term changes in cardiac activity are regulated by the autonomic nervous system. 1. Frank-Starling mechanism: …
Obestetric Anesthesia
Physiology: Pain relief from uterine contractions and cervical dilation in stage 1 of labor involves thoracic nerve roots, T10 to T12. Pain relief from perineal distention in stage 2 of…
Placental hormones
Human chorionic gonadotropin Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the placental syncytiotrophoblast and first appears in maternal blood 10 days after fertilization. It peaks at 9–10 weeks…
Fetal orientation in utero
Orientation of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the uterus. The most common lie is longitudinal (99% of fetuses at term). Longitudinal:…
Electrical conduction of the cardiovascular system
Physiology : cardiovascular Electrical conduction: SA node (pacemaker) creates an action potential → signal spreads across atria and causes their contraction → signal reaches AV node and is slowed down → AV node conducts the signal to bundle of His down…
Pelvic inflamatory disease(PID)
Pelvic inflamatory disease(PID) Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a nonspecific term for a spectrum of upper genital tract conditions ranging from acute bacterial infection to massive adhesions from old inflammatory…
Teratogenic drugs causing specific syndromes
hello friends today we are going to talk about Teratogenic drugs causing specific syndromes during pregnancy Alcohol: fetal alcohol syndrome—IUGR, midfacial hypoplasia, developmental delay, short palpebral fissures, long philtrum, multiple joint…
Bacterial Vaginosis
Hell friends !! today we are going to talk about bacterial vaginosis Bacterial Vaginosis Bacterial vaginosis is the most common (50%) cause of vaginal complaints in the United States. It…